In the Late Byzantine period, it was commonly painted below a [[Pantocrator|Christ Pantocrator]] on the apse of the [[Proskomedia|prothesis]] of churches, illustrating a liturgical [[hymn]] which celebrated Christ "On the throne above and in the tomb below".<ref>G Schiller, ''Iconography of Christian Art, Vol. II'',1972 (English trans from German), Lund Humphries, London, p.199, ISBN 853313245</ref> The icon, in particular a panel mosaic version taken to Rome, probably in the 12th century, developed in the West into the Man of Sorrows subject, which was enormously popular in the Late Middle Ages, though this shows a live Christ, normally with eyes open.