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The '''Ostrog Bible''' (Ukranian Острозька Біблія; Russian Острожская Библия) was one of the earliest East Slavic translations of the [[Bible]] and the first complete printed edition of the Bible in [[Old Church Slavonic]], published in Ostrog, in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, by the Muscovy printer [[Ivan Fyodorov (printer)|Ivan Fyodorov]] in 1581 with the assistance of the Ukrainian Prince Konstantin Ostrogski. The ''Ostrog Bible'' is unique among Church Slavonic Bibles in that the [[Old Testament]] was translated not from the Hebrew [[Masoretic text]], but from the Greek [[Septuagint]]. This translation, comprising seventy-six books of the Old and [[New Testament]]s, was based on the ''[[Gennadius Bible]]'' and a manuscript of the ''[[Codex Alexandrinus]]''. Some parts were based on Francysk Skaryna's translations. The Ostrog Bibles were printed on two dates: [[July 12]], 1580, and [[August 12]], 1581. The second version differs from the 1580 original in composition, ornamentation, and correction of misprints. In the printing of the Bible delays occurred, as it was necessary to remove mistakes, to search for correct textual resolutions of questions, and to produce a correct translation. The editing of the Bible detained printing. In the meantime, Fyodorov and his company printed other biblical books. The first were those which did not require correcting: the Psalter and the New Testament. The ''Ostrog Bible'' is a monumental publication of 1,256 pages, lavishly decorated with headpieces and initials, which were prepared especially for it. From the typographical point of view, the ''Ostrog Bible'' is irreproachable. This is the first Bible printed in [[Church Slavonic|Cyrillic]] type. It served as the original and model for further Russian publications of the Bible. The importance of the first printed Cyrillic Bible can hardly be overestimated. Prince Ostrogski sent copies to [[Pope Gregory XIII]] and Tsar [[Ivan IV of Russia|Ivan the Terrible]], while the latter presented a copy to an English ambassador. When leaving Ostrog, Fyodorov took 400 books with him. Only 300 copies of the ''Ostrog Bible'' are extant today. The ''Ostrog Bible'' was widely known in Ukraine, Russia, and Belarus, and also abroad. It is registered in the library of Oxford; its copies were owned by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, the cardinal Barberini, many scientists and the public figures of that time. The ''Ostrog Bible'' was reprinted in Moscow in 1663. The significance of the ''Ostrog Bible'' was enormous for Orthodox education, which had to resist strong [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] pressure in Ukraine and Belarus. ==References== 1663 Reprint of The Ostrog Bible (revised by Arsenios the Greek, Zakariya Afanas'ev and two others, under the direction of the [[Nikon of Moscow|Patriarch Nikon]]) [http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/portal/?lang=en&coll=collections:a0037&q=("ostrog+bible")&pos=5&src=SE Reprint] ==Source== *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrog_Bible Article from Wikipedia - Ostrog Bible] ==External links== * [http://www.krotov.info/library/bible/comm2/ostrog.htm Article at krotov.info] * [http://www.zerkalo-nedeli.com/nn/show/468/43652/ About the modern publiction of the Ostrog Bible] * [http://www.holytrinitymission.org/books/english/way_russian_theology_florovsky.htm#_Toc26329300 The Ostrog Circle and Bible] from ''Ways of Russian Theology'', by Fr. [[Georges Florovsky]] [[Category: Texts]]

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